CAFA’s provision (28 USC 1712) limiting attorney fees in coupon settlements applies to any class action in federal court, whether filed there originally or removed there from state court, and regardless of whether the class action claims are based on federal or state law. Parties cannot avoid section 1712 by providing that the settlement agreement is to be construed and enforced in accordance with state law. To decide it a settlement benefit is a “coupon” for these purposes the court analyzes (i) whether class members have ‘to hand over more of their own money before they can take advantage of’ a credit”; (ii) “whether the credit is valid only‘for select products or services’”; and (iii) “how much flexibility the credit provides, including whether it expires or is freely transferrable.” If the settlement is a “coupon” settlement attorney fees must be set as a percentage of the value of the redeemed coupons. If, as here, the coupons have not yet expired, the court can wait until the end of the redemption period to set the attorney fee, or it can make successive attorney fee awards through the redemption period as more coupons are redeemed. Attorney fees in non-coupon settlements are set by the lodestar method. In mixed settlements involving coupons and other consideration, the court can award attorney fees by the lodestar method only if it reduces those fees by the time spent on the part of the case for which coupons are given (on an hour by hour basis, if possible, or a percentage basis). And in that case, the court may not consider the coupon aspect of the settlement in setting any enhancement of the lodestar. Also, if the court uses the lodestar method in a mixed settlement, it must cross-check the reasonableness of that fee against the non-coupon amount of the settlement to assure that fees do not exceed 25% of that amount. The court may then add to the lodestar fee a reasonable percentage fee for the coupon portion of the settlement.