Communications made during visitation exchanges that have been ordered by a family court to be supervised do not meet the definition of “confidential communications” under the first clause of Penal Code section 632(c). Those communications are not “carried on in circumstances as may reasonably indicate that any party to the communication desires it to be confined to the parties thereto.” This is because a supervised exchange, by its very nature, involves the monitoring and documenting of the statements made by the participants.