Reversing Gonzalez v. Google LLC (9th Cir. 2021) 2 F.4th 871, the Supreme Court holds that the Justice Against Sponsors of International Terrorism Act of 2016 (JASTA; 18 USC 2333) which amended the ATA to include secondary civil liability for aiding and abetting, or conspiring to commit, acts of international terrorism requires proof of knowing assistance in criminal activity according to prior common law standards for liability under the ATA. While aiding and abetting liability is not given to clear line drawing, here the plaintiffs failed to allege facts showing that defendants did more than passively assist ISIS generally by not sufficiently removing its posts from their social media platforms, thus allowing ISIS to recruit more members. However, there was nothing to link use of the social media platforms to the particular crime, a terrorist attack, which defendants were charged with aiding. When aid is given through nonfeasance, greater knowledge of the planned or foreseeable crime is required.